{"id":793,"date":"2023-01-10T19:52:27","date_gmt":"2023-01-10T06:52:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/?p=793"},"modified":"2023-10-27T00:01:43","modified_gmt":"2023-10-26T11:01:43","slug":"what-is-kaitiakitanga","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/en\/2023\/what-is-kaitiakitanga\/","title":{"rendered":"What is Kaitiakitanga?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"793\" class=\"elementor elementor-793\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2abc0df1 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2abc0df1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-432f9ef5\" data-id=\"432f9ef5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3c88b9b\" data-id=\"3c88b9b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bac608c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"bac608c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/en\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"593\" height=\"130\" src=\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/plurality-site-header.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-321\" alt=\"Plurality logo\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/plurality-site-header.png 593w, https:\/\/plurality.eco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/plurality-site-header-300x66.png 300w\" sizes=\"100vw\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6de3777\" data-id=\"6de3777\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-772d3520 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"772d3520\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/plurality.raisely.com\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Donate<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b3aaadd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4b3aaadd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">to support independent and \nad-free ecological thinking<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-74d60542 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"74d60542\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-264c82fb\" data-id=\"264c82fb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4b5642a1\" data-id=\"4b5642a1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2994a612 hfe-submenu-icon-arrow hfe-submenu-animation-none hfe-link-redirect-child hfe-nav-menu__breakpoint-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-navigation-menu\" data-id=\"2994a612\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;padding_horizontal_menu_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:0,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_menu_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:11,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_space_between&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:46,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_row_space&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:0,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_menu_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_menu_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_menu_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_menu_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_space_between_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_space_between_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_row_space_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_row_space_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;dropdown_border_radius&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;dropdown_border_radius_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;dropdown_border_radius_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;width_dropdown_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;220&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;width_dropdown_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;width_dropdown_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_dropdown_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_dropdown_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_dropdown_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_dropdown_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:15,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_dropdown_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_dropdown_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;distance_from_menu&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;distance_from_menu_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;distance_from_menu_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_size&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_size_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_size_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_width&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_width_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_width_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_radius&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_radius_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_radius_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"navigation-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hfe-nav-menu hfe-layout-horizontal hfe-nav-menu-layout horizontal hfe-pointer__none\" data-layout=\"horizontal\">\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"button\" class=\"hfe-nav-menu__toggle elementor-clickable\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Menu Toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Menu<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hfe-nav-menu-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\"  class=\"fas fa-align-justify\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"hfe-nav-menu__layout-horizontal hfe-nav-menu__submenu-arrow\" data-toggle-icon=\"&lt;i aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; tabindex=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;fas fa-align-justify&quot;&gt;&lt;\/i&gt;\" data-close-icon=\"&lt;i aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; tabindex=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;far fa-window-close&quot;&gt;&lt;\/i&gt;\" data-full-width=\"yes\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-1-2994a612\" class=\"hfe-nav-menu\"><li id=\"menu-item-263\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/en\/category\/ecology\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Ecology<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-266\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/en\/category\/politics\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Politics<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-265\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/en\/category\/ideas\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Ideas<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-267\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/en\/category\/stories\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Stories<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-264\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/en\/category\/food\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Food<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul> \n\t\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6fec321b\" data-id=\"6fec321b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2341ff27 hfe-nav-menu__align-right hfe-submenu-icon-arrow hfe-submenu-animation-none hfe-link-redirect-child hfe-nav-menu__breakpoint-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-navigation-menu\" data-id=\"2341ff27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;padding_horizontal_menu_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:0,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_menu_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:11,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_space_between&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:46,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_row_space&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:0,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_menu_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_menu_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_menu_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_menu_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_space_between_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_space_between_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_row_space_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_row_space_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;dropdown_border_radius&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;dropdown_border_radius_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;dropdown_border_radius_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;width_dropdown_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;220&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;width_dropdown_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;width_dropdown_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_dropdown_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_dropdown_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_dropdown_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_dropdown_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:15,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_dropdown_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_dropdown_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;distance_from_menu&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;distance_from_menu_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;distance_from_menu_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_size&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_size_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_size_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_width&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_width_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_width_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_radius&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_radius_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_radius_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"navigation-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hfe-nav-menu hfe-layout-horizontal hfe-nav-menu-layout horizontal hfe-pointer__none\" data-layout=\"horizontal\">\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"button\" class=\"hfe-nav-menu__toggle elementor-clickable\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Menu Toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Menu<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hfe-nav-menu-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\"  class=\"fas fa-align-justify\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"hfe-nav-menu__layout-horizontal hfe-nav-menu__submenu-arrow\" data-toggle-icon=\"&lt;i aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; tabindex=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;fas fa-align-justify&quot;&gt;&lt;\/i&gt;\" data-close-icon=\"&lt;i aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; tabindex=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;far fa-window-close&quot;&gt;&lt;\/i&gt;\" data-full-width=\"yes\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-1-2341ff27\" class=\"hfe-nav-menu\"><li id=\"menu-item-2643\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/en\/eco-coaching\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Eco-coaching<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-610\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/en\/about\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">About<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul> \n\t\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5883887a\" data-id=\"5883887a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-44fbcd3f 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class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">author<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b6b669 elementor-widget elementor-widget-tf-author-box\" data-id=\"0b6b669\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tf-author-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"tf-author-box-0b6b669\" class=\"tf-author-box\" data-tabid=\"0b6b669\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"author-box\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"author-box-avatar\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/wp-content\/uploads\/ultimatemember\/2\/profile_photo-190x190.jpg?1789044969\" class=\"gravatar avatar avatar-300 um-avatar um-avatar-uploaded\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" alt=\"Jacques Lawinski\" data-default=\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/wp-content\/plugins\/ultimate-member\/assets\/img\/default_avatar.jpg\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"author-box-text\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"author-box-name\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\tJacques Lawinski\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"author-box-bio\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPhD candidate in philosophy and ecology at Universit\u00e9 Paris VIII, visiting researcher in Lesvos, Greece. A writer, an activist, and an avid walker, I explore the planet and what it means to relate to nature, finding new, ecological ways of being.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cc7a42 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5cc7a42\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">post<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44ded5c elementor-widget elementor-widget-tfposts-info\" data-id=\"44ded5c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tfposts-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"tf-post-info-44ded5c\" class=\"tf-post-info layout-list\" data-tabid=\"44ded5c\"> 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class=\"heateorSssClear\"><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-66a1735\" data-id=\"66a1735\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5320e12 elementor-widget elementor-widget-tfposts-title\" data-id=\"5320e12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tfposts-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"tf-post-title-5320e12\" class=\"tf-post-title\" data-tabid=\"5320e12\"> \r\n                <h1 class=\"post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/en\/2023\/what-is-kaitiakitanga\/\">What is Kaitiakitanga?<\/a><\/h1>\r\n            <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e322a5e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e322a5e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We&#8217;ve seen kaitiakitanga used a lot recently, when we&#8217;re talking about the environment. But what does it really mean? And how can we use it in a way that is true to tikanga M\u0101ori?<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4717f00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-tfposts-image\" data-id=\"4717f00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tfposts-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"tf-post-featured-image-4717f00\" class=\"tf-post-featured-image\" data-tabid=\"4717f00\"> \r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-featured-image\">\r\n                \t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/kaitiakitanga-1024x678.jpeg\" alt=\"image\">\r\n                <div>\r\n            <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e4f296 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8e4f296\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In Aotearoa New Zealand, we seem to hear the word <em>kaitiakitanga<\/em> quite frequently in reference to sustainability and environmental management, especially since we have become more aware of the <u>ecological problem (coming soon)<\/u>. But what is kaitiakitanga, and are we using it in the way it was intended by M\u0101ori, or has this concept been colonised by a certain view on the world, and lost its intended meaning?<\/p><p>The story of kaitiakitanga is traced back to the late 20<sup>th<\/sup> century, where the New Zealand Government and M\u0101ori began using the term in discussions over the lack of <em>rangatiratanga<\/em>, authority, that M\u0101ori had over the environment in the country. The development of the Resource Management Act (RMA) in 1991 cemented the use of this term in our judicial system.<\/p><p>The RMA defines kaitiakitanga as follows: \u201cthe exercise of guardianship by the tangata whenua of an area in accordance with tikanga M\u0101ori in relation to natural and physical resources; and includes the ethic of stewardship\u201d.<\/p><p>Similarly, the <u><a href=\"https:\/\/teara.govt.nz\/en\/kaitiakitanga-guardianship-and-conservation\">Te Ara Encyclopaedia<\/a><\/u> defines kaitiakitanga as \u201ca way of managing the environment.\u201d They continue, \u201cKaitiakitanga means guardianship, protection, preservation or sheltering.\u201d Guardianship seems to be the main word that comes up when we have discussions about kaitiakitanga. We, as human beings, are (or should be) guardians of planet Earth. This means taking care of the planet, looking after it, deciding what is best for it, and steering it towards this state.<\/p><p>In a <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.stuff.co.nz\/life-style\/homed\/sustainable-living\/300202254\/how-kaitiakitanga-can-guide-us-in-our-approach-to-the-modern-world\">Stuff article<\/a><\/u> about how kaitiakitanga could be relevant today, Jade Temepara echoes this idea, writing that kaitiakitanga is \u201ca way of managing the environment, based on the M\u0101ori worldview.\u201d We should, according to Temepara, be reducing our use of plastic, and making conscious shopping choices, to fulfil our role as guardians of the environment.<\/p><p>I recently picked up an <a href=\"https:\/\/capitalmag.co.nz\/2020\/09\/22\/new-issue\/\">issue of the Capital magazine<\/a>, and whilst reading about M\u0101ori influences in contemporary architecture, the concept of kaitiakitanga rose its head. Whare Timu (Ng\u0101ti Kahungunu, Te Arawa, Ng\u0101ti T\u016bwharetoa) criticises how we translate and use the word. He says, \u201cA guardian is a protector that stomps its foot and places its own ego in protecting something,\u201d but kaitiakitanga, he explains, is about reciprocity. \u201cIf you want to take, you should be able to give back.\u201d<\/p><p>Timu is right. When we are acting as guardians, we are deciding what is best for the environment, and imposing our will upon it, so that it will be able to conform to our wishes and needs. This way of thinking about caring for the planet is problematic. It places human beings at the centre of the world, and requires a dominating attitude towards the natural world. It is this mindset that has led to the ecological problem. We won\u2019t resolve our relationship with nature through thinking in the same way.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb5dc35 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"fb5dc35\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"525\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/picking-up-rubbish-1024x683.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-796\" alt=\"Person picking up trash from the street\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/picking-up-rubbish-1024x683.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/plurality.eco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/picking-up-rubbish-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/plurality.eco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/picking-up-rubbish-768x512.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/plurality.eco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/picking-up-rubbish-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/plurality.eco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/picking-up-rubbish-2048x1365.jpeg 2048w, https:\/\/plurality.eco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/picking-up-rubbish-1200x800.jpeg 1200w\" sizes=\"100vw\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Is picking up rubbish what kaitiakitanga is all about? Photo: Denisse Leon<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fca7489 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fca7489\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>So, what does kaitiakitanga mean to M\u0101ori, and how did the term come to refer to another way of justifying the current, dominant \u201cenvironmental management\u201d worldview?<\/p><p>Reverend Maori Marsden writes <a href=\"https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/16394238\/Kaitiakitanga_A_Definitive_Introduction_To_The_Holistic_World_View_Of_The_Maori\">in an article on kaitiakitanga<\/a> that the original kaitiaki, or guardians, were not human beings at all; rather, they were the Gods. \u201cThe ancient ones (tawhito), the spiritual sons and daughters of Rangi(nui) and Papa(tu\u0101nuku) were the Kaitiaki or guardians. Tane was the Kaitiaki of the forest, Tangaroa of the sea, Rongo of herbs and root crops, Hinenui-i-te-p\u014d of the portals of death and so on. Different tawhito had oversight of the various departments of nature. And whilst man could harvest those resources, they were duty bound to thank and propitiate the guardians of those resources.\u201d<\/p><p>Do you see the shift in perspective here? Instead of imposing a human will on the Earth as Whare Timu told us about, in te ao M\u0101ori the gods were guardians of the environment. Their will was what determined how the environment would behave towards human beings, and it was only by showing respect, treating the natural world well and in accordance with custom, that she would in turn offer her bounty for human beings to harvest.<\/p><p>Marsden tells us that \u201cthe resources of the earth did not belong to man, rather, man belonged to the Earth.\u201d We often hear that the common word for Earth, <em>whenua<\/em>, is the same as the word for placenta in te reo M\u0101ori. According to M\u0101ori, humans are born out of <em>Papatu\u0101nuku<\/em>, Mother Earth, and therefore can be seen as her children. Human beings, as coming from the Earth, could not lay claim to their own mother \u2013 rather, their mother laid claim to them, and offered them her \u201cresources\u201d in the form of nutrition for life.<\/p><p>In <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jps.auckland.ac.nz\/document\/Volume_109_2000\/Volume_109%2C_No._4\/Kaitiakitanga%3A_A_Maori_anthropological_perspective_of_the_Maori_socio-environmental_ethic_of_resource_management%2C_by_Merata_Kawharu%2C_p_349-370\/p1\">another article on the concept<\/a>, Merata Kawharu writes that \u201ckaitiakitanga is equally about the past and managing sets of relationships that transcend time and space: between atua &#8216;gods, spiritual beings&#8217; and ancestors on one hand, and their living kaitiaki on the other.\u201d As we can see, kaitiakitanga is not just about managing what we now call \u201cresources.\u201d<\/p><p>Kaitiakitanga refers to the relationship that M\u0101ori hold between themselves and their environment, which is like the relationship that we have with our own mother. Part of this relationship involves obligations towards our mothers, to keep them alive and healthy, and responsibilities to preserve her life-giving properties. In return, our mothers raise us, give us nutrients in both material, spiritual and knowledge-based ways, and allow us to flourish.<\/p><p><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\">Perhaps the most obvious way that M\u0101ori enacted \u201cresource management\u201d to look after <\/span><em style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\">Papatu\u0101nuku<\/em><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\"> was to declare <\/span><em style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\">r\u0101hui<\/em><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\">, or bans, on particular areas of forest or sea, to allow these areas to regenerate. <\/span><em style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\">T\u00f5hunga<\/em><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\">, or experts in noticing the states of particular resources, would alert the chief of the need for a <\/span><em style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\">r\u0101hui<\/em><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\"> to be put in place, and, after consultation, this ban would be effective for a certain period of time. In his article, Marsden tells us that this <\/span><em style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\">t\u00f5hunga <\/em><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\">would perform a ceremony so that the <\/span><em style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\">mauri<\/em><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\">, or vital life force, of the resource, would be asked to return. After this, the area would be left alone, for it to regenerate without human intervention.<\/span><\/p><p>We can see now that to understand kaitiakitanga, we need to make reference to many other concepts in te ao M\u0101ori. Kaitiakitanga isn\u2019t about being a guardian of nature. It\u2019s about maintaining a particular relationship between the environment and the community, which is based on bonds of kinship, and relationships of respect and care.<\/p><p>What happens when we disrespect this relationship with our Earth mother, as we are currently doing with pollution, over-consumption, the generation of waste, and the extraction of resources? Marsden puts it quite bluntly: \u201cMan becomes a pillager, despoiler and rapist of his own mother.\u201d The ecological problem, looking from the viewpoint of kaitiakitanga, is about human beings overstepping the boundaries of their relationship with the environment, not showing respect and care, and not giving back as we would give to our mothers in our human relationships.<\/p><p>A key part of kaitiakitanga is reciprocity, as Whare Timu drew our attention to earlier. When we think about managing resources, we don\u2019t think of care, reciprocity, and giving. We think about how we can take in a way such that the resource will still be available for future generations (according to the definition of sustainability, for example). We think across generations, but not about our relationship with the environment itself.<\/p><p>Kaitiakitanga therefore isn\u2019t about managing resources. It\u2019s not a \u2018way of managing the environment.\u2019 We do not call our relationships with our birth mothers \u2018resource management\u2019, because our mothers are not resources, and our relationships with them are not managerial, but familial. Kaitiakitanga asks us to rethink our relationship with the environment by considering the environment, Mother Earth, as we consider our family relationships.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-098dfb7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"098dfb7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"525\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/rahui-1024x683.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-797\" alt=\"No fishing sign\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/rahui-1024x683.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/plurality.eco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/rahui-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/plurality.eco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/rahui-768x512.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/plurality.eco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/rahui-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/plurality.eco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/rahui-2048x1365.jpeg 2048w, https:\/\/plurality.eco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/rahui-1200x800.jpeg 1200w\" sizes=\"100vw\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">R\u0101hui, or bans, were one way of managing resources. Photo: Unsplash<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01f7e45 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"01f7e45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>What happened to kaitiakitanga, that we should end up so far away from its intended meaning?<\/p><p>When we remove all the layers of meaning that we have just added to kaitiakitanga, we seem to be left with a fairly empty concept. One which refers to a romanticised way of looking at nature, and justifies the current rhetoric of \u201cenvironmental governance\u201d and \u201csustainable management\u201d by pretending to apply a M\u0101ori lens to these words.<\/p><p>The two worlds couldn\u2019t be further apart, however. What we commonly call the \u201cWestern view\u201d in New Zealand, which is really one of United States capitalism and foreign relations, British jurisprudence, and a Judaeo-Christian morality, tells us that the environment is a resource, which can be measured, owned, divided, taken, and therefore dominated. We think about \u201cresource management\u201d because the same management techniques of control and direction from the business context can apparently be applied to nature itself.<\/p><p>In 1995, C.S. Holling <a href=\"https:\/\/openlibrary.org\/books\/OL9486784M\/Barriers_and_Bridges_to_the_Renewal_of_Regional_Ecosystems\">analysed the impact<\/a> of these so-called management strategies on populations of fish, cattle, trees, and water. He concluded that any attempt to manage ecological variables inexorably [leads] to less resilient ecosystems, more rigid management institutions, and more dependent societies. The very success of management [&#8230;] set[s] the conditions for collapse.\u201d In short, environmental management doesn\u2019t work. Worse \u2013 it leads to the collapse of the whole ecosystem.<\/p><p>M\u0101ori therefore have good reason to doubt the rhetoric surrounding resource management. Maori Marsden writes that \u201cMaori are extremely sceptical regarding the government&#8217;s resource management plans, its conservation policies and sustainable management efforts. Based as they are within a society driven by market considerations, conservation and sustainable management policies must eventually fail. So long as the prime values are based on economics, then the values implicit in sustainable management plans are diametrically opposed, and the latter must eventually succumb.\u201d<\/p><p>Kaitiakitanga as another possible way forward seems to have lost its power, and been incorporated into this way of thinking. Merata Kawharu writes that \u201cA problem has developed, where kaitiakitanga has become almost locked into meaning simply &#8220;guardianship&#8221; without understanding of (or in the case of the Crown, providing for) the wider obligations and rights it embraces.\u201d Kaitiakitanga became a way to refer to the management of a particular environment that we owned individually, rather than, as in tikanga M\u0101ori, the relationship with environment as a whole. Kaitiakitanga doesn\u2019t instruct us to look after only our portion of the river, but rather the whole river and its surroundings.<\/p><p>It would seem that kaitiakitanga has been appropriated for use in judicial and governmental contexts, where its full meaning is not understood. This so-called \u201ccolonisation\u201d of the word has trickled down into everyday vocabulary, meaning that we end up with kaitiakitanga being translated as \u201cguardianship,\u201d and referred to as a \u201cway of managing resources.\u201d In the end, the consumerist attitude of reducing plastic use, recycling, and being an \u2018ethical consumer\u2019 has been mistaken for a way of modernising the concept of kaitiakitanga, when really, it\u2019s just reinforcing a certain problematic worldview.<\/p><p>On the other hand, perhaps the popularisation of the concept has been beneficial, despite its lack of traditional meaning. By including kaitiakitanga in something like the Resource Management Act, M\u0101ori have found another justification and way of showing a loss of <em>rangatiratanga<\/em> (authority) over their lands. Claims against the Crown under the Treaty of Waitangi often make reference to how M\u0101ori can no longer exercise kaitiakitanga over their lands and the resources that these lands offer. Kaitiakitanga as a concept still allows us to see that there are two different worldviews at play, which are seeking reconciliation in Aotearoa New Zealand.<\/p><p>What could we do, now that we know more about kaitiakitanga, and how it has been used? Being careful with how we refer to this concept is important. Kaitiakitanga is about a fundamental relationship with Mother Earth, based on an ethic of care. It\u2019s not really about consumer actions \u2013 though these might follow if we are living according to kaupapa M\u0101ori (M\u0101ori first principles).<\/p><p>One of the main places where kaitiakitanga is referred to is in the workplace. Next time you are discussing the environment and kaitiakitanga, instead of thinking about how you as an individual can take care of the environment, try thinking about how your community, society, or business relates with the environment. By recognising how we currently interact with the natural environment, we can begin to see the impact that we have on it, and also what we could be giving in return for the resources that it gives to us.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-be4bc5c\" data-id=\"be4bc5c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8ed3781\" data-id=\"8ed3781\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9c7f756 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9c7f756\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-09f2e31\" data-id=\"09f2e31\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-44128ba\" data-id=\"44128ba\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a07a44 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6a07a44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cc77465\" data-id=\"cc77465\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6ad15958\" data-id=\"6ad15958\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bbf1337 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1bbf1337\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">It took more than 30 hours of research and writing to produce this article, which will always be open and free for everyone to read, without any advertising.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24e2f7d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"24e2f7d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">All our articles are freely accessible because we believe that everyone needs to be able to access to a source of coherent and easy to understand information on the ecological crisis. This challenge that confronts us all will only be properly addressed when we understand what the problems are and where they come from. <br><br>If you've learned something today, please consider donating, to help us produce more great articles and share this knowledge with a wider audience. <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-449590ca elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"449590ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-md\" href=\"https:\/\/plurality.raisely.com\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">donate<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-609ad27a\" data-id=\"609ad27a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-50900292\" data-id=\"50900292\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d28e4f7 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d28e4f7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7a76217\" data-id=\"7a76217\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-442cffd\" data-id=\"442cffd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76c636a elementor-widget elementor-widget-tfposts-comment\" data-id=\"76c636a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tfposts-comment.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"tf-post-comment-76c636a\" class=\"tf-post-comment\" data-tabid=\"76c636a\">\r\n\t\t\t\t                \r\n            <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-48bc052\" data-id=\"48bc052\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-39f4591\" data-id=\"39f4591\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1798ad7d elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1798ad7d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-14498463\" data-id=\"14498463\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-13b8f007\" data-id=\"13b8f007\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b716e3f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2b716e3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Why plurality.eco?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c798196 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c798196\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Our environment is more than a resource to be exploited. Human beings are not the &#8216;masters of nature,&#8217; and cannot think they are managers of everything around them. Plurality is about finding a wealth of ideas to help us cope with the ecological crisis which we have to confront now, and in the coming decades. We all need to understand what is at stake, and create new ways of being in the world, new dreams for ourselves, that recognise this uncertain future.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-36d143ed\" data-id=\"36d143ed\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2209c888 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2209c888\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Our network<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2109e5f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2109e5f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/espieglerie.co\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/LEspie\u0300glerie_LOGO_TAGLINE_300ppiWHITE-q2r3jtn46l7kd016h5cenpk6hojt3a7203tas8311c.png\" title=\"L\u2019Espie\u0300glerie_LOGO_TAGLINE_300ppiWHITE\" alt=\"Espieglerie logo\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-429a5ce3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"429a5ce3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">On social media<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element 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