{"id":134,"date":"2022-12-28T19:13:41","date_gmt":"2022-12-28T06:13:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/?p=134"},"modified":"2023-05-30T11:05:20","modified_gmt":"2023-05-29T23:05:20","slug":"ecology-environment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/en\/2022\/ecology-environment\/","title":{"rendered":"Political Ecology vs Environmentalism"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"134\" class=\"elementor elementor-134\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2abc0df1 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2abc0df1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-432f9ef5\" data-id=\"432f9ef5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3c88b9b\" data-id=\"3c88b9b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bac608c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"bac608c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/en\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"593\" height=\"130\" src=\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/plurality-site-header.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-321\" alt=\"Plurality logo\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/plurality-site-header.png 593w, https:\/\/plurality.eco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/plurality-site-header-300x66.png 300w\" sizes=\"100vw\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6de3777\" data-id=\"6de3777\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-772d3520 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"772d3520\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/plurality.raisely.com\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Donate<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b3aaadd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4b3aaadd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">to support independent and \nad-free ecological thinking<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-74d60542 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"74d60542\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-264c82fb\" data-id=\"264c82fb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4b5642a1\" data-id=\"4b5642a1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2994a612 hfe-submenu-icon-arrow hfe-submenu-animation-none hfe-link-redirect-child hfe-nav-menu__breakpoint-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-navigation-menu\" data-id=\"2994a612\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;padding_horizontal_menu_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:0,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_menu_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:11,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_space_between&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:46,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_row_space&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:0,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_menu_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_menu_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_menu_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_menu_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_space_between_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_space_between_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_row_space_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_row_space_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;dropdown_border_radius&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;dropdown_border_radius_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;dropdown_border_radius_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;width_dropdown_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;220&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;width_dropdown_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;width_dropdown_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_dropdown_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_dropdown_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_dropdown_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_dropdown_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:15,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_dropdown_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_dropdown_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;distance_from_menu&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;distance_from_menu_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;distance_from_menu_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_size&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_size_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_size_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_width&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_width_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_width_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_radius&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_radius_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_radius_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"navigation-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hfe-nav-menu hfe-layout-horizontal hfe-nav-menu-layout horizontal hfe-pointer__none\" data-layout=\"horizontal\">\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"button\" class=\"hfe-nav-menu__toggle elementor-clickable\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Menu Toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Menu<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hfe-nav-menu-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\"  class=\"fas fa-align-justify\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"hfe-nav-menu__layout-horizontal hfe-nav-menu__submenu-arrow\" data-toggle-icon=\"&lt;i aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; tabindex=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;fas fa-align-justify&quot;&gt;&lt;\/i&gt;\" data-close-icon=\"&lt;i aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; tabindex=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;far fa-window-close&quot;&gt;&lt;\/i&gt;\" data-full-width=\"yes\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-1-2994a612\" class=\"hfe-nav-menu\"><li id=\"menu-item-263\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/en\/category\/ecology\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Ecology<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-266\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/en\/category\/politics\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Politics<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-265\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/en\/category\/ideas\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Ideas<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-267\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/en\/category\/stories\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Stories<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-264\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/en\/category\/food\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Food<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul> \n\t\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6fec321b\" data-id=\"6fec321b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2341ff27 hfe-nav-menu__align-right hfe-submenu-icon-arrow hfe-submenu-animation-none hfe-link-redirect-child hfe-nav-menu__breakpoint-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-navigation-menu\" data-id=\"2341ff27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;padding_horizontal_menu_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:0,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_menu_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:11,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_space_between&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:46,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_row_space&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:0,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_menu_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_menu_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_menu_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_menu_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_space_between_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_space_between_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_row_space_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_row_space_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;dropdown_border_radius&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;dropdown_border_radius_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;dropdown_border_radius_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;width_dropdown_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;220&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;width_dropdown_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;width_dropdown_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_dropdown_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_dropdown_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_dropdown_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_dropdown_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:15,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_dropdown_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_dropdown_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;distance_from_menu&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;distance_from_menu_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;distance_from_menu_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_size&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_size_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_size_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_width&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_width_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_width_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_radius&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_radius_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_radius_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"navigation-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hfe-nav-menu hfe-layout-horizontal hfe-nav-menu-layout horizontal hfe-pointer__none\" data-layout=\"horizontal\">\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"button\" class=\"hfe-nav-menu__toggle elementor-clickable\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Menu Toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Menu<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hfe-nav-menu-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\"  class=\"fas fa-align-justify\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"hfe-nav-menu__layout-horizontal hfe-nav-menu__submenu-arrow\" data-toggle-icon=\"&lt;i aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; tabindex=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;fas fa-align-justify&quot;&gt;&lt;\/i&gt;\" data-close-icon=\"&lt;i aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; tabindex=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;far fa-window-close&quot;&gt;&lt;\/i&gt;\" data-full-width=\"yes\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-1-2341ff27\" class=\"hfe-nav-menu\"><li id=\"menu-item-2643\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/en\/eco-coaching\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Eco-coaching<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-610\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/en\/about\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">About<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul> \n\t\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5883887a\" data-id=\"5883887a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-44fbcd3f 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class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">author<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b6b669 elementor-widget elementor-widget-tf-author-box\" data-id=\"0b6b669\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tf-author-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"tf-author-box-0b6b669\" class=\"tf-author-box\" data-tabid=\"0b6b669\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"author-box\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"author-box-avatar\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/wp-content\/uploads\/ultimatemember\/2\/profile_photo-190x190.jpg?1784850320\" class=\"gravatar avatar avatar-300 um-avatar um-avatar-uploaded\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" alt=\"Jacques Lawinski\" data-default=\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/wp-content\/plugins\/ultimate-member\/assets\/img\/default_avatar.jpg\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"author-box-text\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"author-box-name\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\tJacques Lawinski\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"author-box-bio\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPhD candidate in philosophy and ecology at Universit\u00e9 Paris VIII, visiting researcher in Lesvos, Greece. A writer, an activist, and an avid walker, I explore the planet and what it means to relate to nature, finding new, ecological ways of being.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cc7a42 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5cc7a42\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">post<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44ded5c elementor-widget elementor-widget-tfposts-info\" data-id=\"44ded5c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tfposts-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"tf-post-info-44ded5c\" class=\"tf-post-info layout-list\" data-tabid=\"44ded5c\"> \r\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"list-post-info\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"list-item elementor-repeater-item-3693c45\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"list-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"list-text\">28\/12\/2022<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"list-item elementor-repeater-item-f9c6bd2\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"list-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-comment-dots\"><\/i><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"list-text\">No Comments<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"list-item elementor-repeater-item-596ca32\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"list-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-folder-open\"><\/i><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"list-text\"><span class=\"terms-list-item\">Ecology<\/span>, <span 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1.834-.863l3.32-15.638c.338-1.363-.52-1.98-1.41-1.577z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"heateorSssClear\"><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-66a1735\" data-id=\"66a1735\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5320e12 elementor-widget elementor-widget-tfposts-title\" data-id=\"5320e12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tfposts-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"tf-post-title-5320e12\" class=\"tf-post-title\" data-tabid=\"5320e12\"> \r\n                <h1 class=\"post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/en\/2022\/ecology-environment\/\">Political Ecology vs Environmentalism<\/a><\/h1>\r\n            <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e322a5e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e322a5e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Are you aware that sustainability and environmental management aren&#8217;t the only ways to look at the ecological crisis?<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4717f00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-tfposts-image\" data-id=\"4717f00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tfposts-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"tf-post-featured-image-4717f00\" class=\"tf-post-featured-image\" data-tabid=\"4717f00\"> \r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-featured-image\">\r\n                \t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/callum-shaw-7SE389kUVGw-unsplash-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"image\">\r\n                <div>\r\n            <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e4f296 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8e4f296\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>There are many different positions that we can take towards the ecological crisis. Most established theories, and contemporary theorists, have developed at least some thoughts on the matter. Likewise, governments, media and other institutions have all weighed in and put forward ways to think about the crisis.<\/p><p>Some of these ways are totally insufficient responses to the crisis. They either play down the importance of climate change, or completely deny its existence. Others take the view that something quite specific (the market, technology, little behaviour changes\u2026) will get us out of the crisis, so there isn\u2019t a need to worry. And further theories still argue for complete and radical change to societies and systems of the globe.<\/p><p>When we look at all these theories, there are two main groups of assumptions that people make when they talk about the ecological crisis. This is why we end up with the two positions of environmentalism, and political ecology. In New Zealand we hear only of environmentalism, and sometimes of \u2018nature lovers\u2019 which often sit somewhere between the two. In Europe, the position of political ecology is much stronger, with France\u2019s largest leftist coalition the NUPES taking a stance on political ecology more than environmentalism. Global discourse, however, is almost entirely environmentalist.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7374ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b7374ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Environmentalism<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b6bd77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5b6bd77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Environmental governance, management, even environmental studies refer to a mechanistic way of viewing the natural world: humans live in environments, which, due to their resource needs, require control. The term environmentalism refers to those who want to save or protect the environment using this top-down managerial approach, and do not question the relationships that might be causing the problem. Environmentalism is often popular among governments because it puts a focus on measuring and quantifying many different things in \u2018nature\u2019, so that they can then be controlled, and the government can be shown to be acting (or not, as the case may be).<\/p><p>Underpinning this idea of environmentalism is that human beings and societies live either on a backdrop called nature, or that we are at least separate from something called nature. There is one collective of things which are society, civilisation; and another collection of things that are nature, the environment. The two are fundamentally different.<\/p><p>In te ao M\u0101ori, traditionally, human beings were seen as being part of the environment. Nature didn\u2019t exist outside of society; rather, humans were nature, they were born out of Mother Earth. This traditional view is the opposite of what we see today in environmentalism, where human beings propose that the environment must be managed, controlled, and guided towards certain ends so that humans can achieve their own goals. Humanity stands on top and outside of nature, able to look onto it and decide what it needs and how it should be run.<\/p><p>Another part of the environmentalist discourse is a very strong mechanistic foundation. Environmentalists believe in the idea that nature is mechanic \u2013 that it follows laws and principles which are able to be established and then function as truths about the way the world works. One such thing is the idea that there exists in nature some kind of balance, or equilibrium state, where all things are getting what they need. Another part of this mechanistic view influences how we grow fruit and vegetables, and plant trees. Many environmentalists are happy to have large scale monoculture plantations of one single species, like pine forests or potato farms.<\/p><p>Environmentalists often believe in technological solutions to climate change, as well. Instead of looking at social causes of the ecological problem, they look to mechanical causes like too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, to diagnose what is going wrong. When we look at global warming that way, it appears as if the solution is to remove that extra carbon, and everything will be alright again. Sustainability and sustainable development are also concepts that are key to the environmentalist movement.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17f3991 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"17f3991\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Political Ecology<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ee15c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ee15c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>There is an alternative to this way of thinking. Political ecology is a radically different way of looking at the ecological crisis and its solutions. Instead of looking at material causes, political ecology looks to the social and political causes of the ecological problem, using the science of ecology as its backdrop. Political ecology is sometimes characterised as a movement rather than a domain of thought, but I think its unique way of analysing the world means that it has now become its own domain.<\/p><p>Ecology is the science of the study of relationships between living and non-living beings, and their environment. This emphasis on relationships means that ecology is the prime place for a social and political critique to be constructed.<\/p><p>Political ecology is not just a combination of politics and ecology. Rather, it has its own characteristics and ways of thinking. Bruno Villalba wrote a book in 2022 on the topic, and he decides that the common traits of political ecology thinking are: the importance of the concept of limits, an eco-centric vision, and the decentralisation of the political system. So, political ecology discusses the idea that there is a finite number of resources on the planet, that never-ending economic growth isn\u2019t possible, and the existence of many other limits. It also proposes that ecology is the central way through which we should analyse our times. Finally, more democracy is needed to solve political crises which will emerge as a result of climate change. \u00a0<\/p><p>The key part of political ecology is that it is multidimensional, and includes the social and political causes of the ecological problem as a much larger problem than just climate change. There are multiple strands of political ecology, rather than one sole theory, or way of explaining the world. Felix Guattari\u2019s <em>The<\/em> <em>Three Ecologies<\/em> is a good way of seeing how the ecological crisis is not just about climate change.<\/p><p>Guattari says that there are three different ecologies which require our attention: the environment, social relations, and human subjectivity (identity, who we believe we are). He calls this mix of three ecologies <em>ecosophy. <\/em><\/p><p>Environmentalism therefore tends to be the discourse of the right of the political spectrum. Those who believe in conservatism, technocracy, and market supremacy often take environmentalist views. On the other hand, political ecology is often a view from the left. Political ecology brings into question human relationships amongst themselves and with nature, and therefore proposes more radical changes to our social systems in order to respond to the ecological crisis.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf94a5a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cf94a5a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Plurality.eco<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117eca5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"117eca5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Plurality.eco is a space where both views will be discussed and welcome. All discussion on the ecological crisis is important and valuable to help us to form a new pathway forward. Much of the content will be from the perspective of political ecology, however, because this is an important alternative to the dominant global discourse, which is currently leading to inaction, delays, and empty promises. If you\u2019re an environmentalist, feel free to write an article for us \u2013 just as if you\u2019re more of a political ecologist.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1dee2d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1dee2d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Want to know more?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e3798f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1e3798f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A political ecology and environmentalism reading list is coming soon! We&#8217;ll point you towards some basic texts explaining these ideas, as well as more complex books for those who want to go further.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-be4bc5c\" data-id=\"be4bc5c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8ed3781\" data-id=\"8ed3781\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9c7f756 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9c7f756\" 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class=\"heateorSssClear\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8ae6bbd\" data-id=\"8ae6bbd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-55260ba\" data-id=\"55260ba\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-50b2ad67 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"50b2ad67\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cc77465\" data-id=\"cc77465\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6ad15958\" data-id=\"6ad15958\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bbf1337 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1bbf1337\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">It took more than 30 hours of research and writing to produce this article, which will always be open and free for everyone to read, without any advertising.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24e2f7d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"24e2f7d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">All our articles are freely accessible because we believe that everyone needs to be able to access to a source of coherent and easy to understand information on the ecological crisis. This challenge that confronts us all will only be properly addressed when we understand what the problems are and where they come from. <br><br>If you've learned something today, please consider donating, to help us produce more great articles and share this knowledge with a wider audience. <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-449590ca elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"449590ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-md\" href=\"https:\/\/plurality.raisely.com\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">donate<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-609ad27a\" data-id=\"609ad27a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-50900292\" data-id=\"50900292\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d28e4f7 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d28e4f7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7a76217\" data-id=\"7a76217\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-442cffd\" data-id=\"442cffd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76c636a elementor-widget elementor-widget-tfposts-comment\" data-id=\"76c636a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tfposts-comment.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"tf-post-comment-76c636a\" class=\"tf-post-comment\" data-tabid=\"76c636a\">\r\n\t\t\t\t                \r\n            <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-48bc052\" data-id=\"48bc052\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-39f4591\" data-id=\"39f4591\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1798ad7d elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1798ad7d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-14498463\" data-id=\"14498463\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-13b8f007\" data-id=\"13b8f007\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b716e3f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2b716e3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Why plurality.eco?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c798196 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c798196\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Our environment is more than a resource to be exploited. Human beings are not the &#8216;masters of nature,&#8217; and cannot think they are managers of everything around them. Plurality is about finding a wealth of ideas to help us cope with the ecological crisis which we have to confront now, and in the coming decades. We all need to understand what is at stake, and create new ways of being in the world, new dreams for ourselves, that recognise this uncertain future.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-36d143ed\" data-id=\"36d143ed\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2209c888 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2209c888\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Our network<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2109e5f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2109e5f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/espieglerie.co\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/LEspie\u0300glerie_LOGO_TAGLINE_300ppiWHITE-q2r3jtn46l7kd016h5cenpk6hojt3a7203tas8311c.png\" title=\"L&#8217;Espie\u0300glerie_LOGO_TAGLINE_300ppiWHITE\" alt=\"Espieglerie logo\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-429a5ce3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"429a5ce3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">On social media<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4543a20a e-grid-align-left elementor-shape-rounded elementor-grid-0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-social-icons\" data-id=\"4543a20a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"social-icons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-social-icons-wrapper elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-instagram elementor-repeater-item-898522c\" href=\"https:\/\/instagram.com\/plurality.eco\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Instagram<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fab fa-instagram\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-linkedin elementor-repeater-item-3ca4b32\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/plurality-eco\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Linkedin<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fab fa-linkedin\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a9a008\" data-id=\"3a9a008\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-755714ba elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"755714ba\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-257b5afd\" data-id=\"257b5afd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7cc851e9\" data-id=\"7cc851e9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-41c4ba62\" data-id=\"41c4ba62\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ac837b1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7ac837b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">We're part of the .eco network of organisations committed to support positive change for the planet. <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-78fc8c71\" data-id=\"78fc8c71\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e5e5835 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"e5e5835\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/profiles.eco\/plurality?ref=tm\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"eco-trustmark\" alt=\".eco profile for plurality.eco\" src=\"https:\/\/trust.profiles.eco\/plurality\/eco-circle.svg?color=%23007132\" style=\"max-width:4rem\">\n<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5aaf3201\" data-id=\"5aaf3201\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-26954ead elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"26954ead\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2855d5e5\" data-id=\"2855d5e5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f97071 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9f97071\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Copyright \u00a9 Plurality.eco 2023<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Are you aware that sustainability and environmental management aren&#8217;t the only ways to look at the ecological crisis? Let&#8217;s explore the difference between political ecology and environmentalism.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1030,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_canvas","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-134","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ecology","category-politics"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Political Ecology vs Environmentalism - Plurality<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Are you aware that sustainability and environmental management aren&#039;t the only ways to look at the ecological crisis?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/en\/2022\/ecology-environment\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Political Ecology vs Environmentalism - Plurality\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Are you aware that sustainability and environmental management aren&#039;t the only ways to look at the ecological crisis?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/en\/2022\/ecology-environment\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Plurality\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-12-28T06:13:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-05-29T23:05:20+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/callum-shaw-7SE389kUVGw-unsplash-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1707\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Jacques Lawinski\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jacques Lawinski\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/en\/2022\/ecology-environment\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/en\/2022\/ecology-environment\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Jacques Lawinski\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/89ab50ca286fa652a3f8da754ab16ad7\"},\"headline\":\"Political Ecology vs Environmentalism\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-12-28T06:13:41+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-05-29T23:05:20+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/en\/2022\/ecology-environment\/\"},\"wordCount\":1526,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/en\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/en\/2022\/ecology-environment\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/callum-shaw-7SE389kUVGw-unsplash-scaled.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Ecology\",\"Politics\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-NZ\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/en\/2022\/ecology-environment\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/en\/2022\/ecology-environment\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/en\/2022\/ecology-environment\/\",\"name\":\"Political Ecology vs Environmentalism - 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